Ibibazo Bikunze Kubazwa

Ibiciro byacu bizaba byiza kandi bihangana bitewe n'ubushobozi bwacu bwo gukora, nubwo ibiciro bishobora guhinduka bitewe n'ibitangwa n'ibindi bintu ku isoko. Tuzakoherereza urutonde rw'ibiciro ruvuguruye nyuma yuko ikigo cyawe kitwandikiye kugira ngo tubone amakuru arambuye.

Mu by’ukuri si byo. Tuzagutangaho ibiciro dukurikije ingano yawe. Uko utumiza byinshi, niko uzabona igiciro cyiza. Kandi niba ukeneye ingero z'ubuntu, twandikire kuri imeri.

Birumvikana ko ari byo. Dushobora kuguha inyandiko zijyanye nabyo, nka Certificate of Analysis / Conformance; Insurance; Origin, n'izindi nyandiko zo kohereza mu mahanga.

Dukurikije ingano yawe n'icyitegererezo cyawe mu buryo burambuye, tuzaguha igihe gikwiye cyo kwishyura. Nk'uko bisanzwe, ku bipimo, igihe cyo kwishyura ni iminsi 7. Ku bicuruzwa byinshi, igihe cyo kwishyura ni iminsi 20-30 nyuma yo kwakira amafaranga yatanzwe. Tubwire ubuntu niba hari icyo ukeneye cyihariye.

Ushobora kwishyura kuri konti yacu ya banki, Western Union cyangwa PayPal:
30% by'amafaranga yo kubitsa mbere, 70% by'amafaranga asigaye ugereranyije na kopi ya B/L.

Dutanga garanti ku bikoresho byacu n'ubukorikori bwacu. Twiyemeje kuguhaza ku bicuruzwa byacu. Uko byaba bimeze kose, ni umuco w'ikigo cyacu gukemura no gukemura ibibazo byose by'abakiriya ku buryo buri wese anyurwa.

Yego, duhora dukoresha amapaki yo kohereza ibicuruzwa mu mahanga meza cyane. Dukoresha kandi amapaki yihariye yo gupakira ibicuruzwa biteje akaga n'amapaki yemewe yo kubika ibintu bikonje ku bintu bishobora kwangirika mu bushyuhe. Ibisabwa byihariye byo gupakira no gupakira ibintu bitari iby'ubushyuhe bishobora kwishyurwa amafaranga y'inyongera.

Igiciro cyo kohereza giterwa n'uburyo wahisemo kubona ibicuruzwa. Ubusanzwe inzira ya "Express" ni yo yihuta cyane ariko kandi ihenze cyane. Uburyo bwo gutwara ibintu mu mazi ni bwo buryo bwiza bwo kubitwara ku bwinshi. Ibiciro by'imizigo dushobora kuguha gusa iyo tuzi neza ingano, uburemere n'inzira. Twandikire kugira ngo ubone amakuru arambuye.

Mu by’ukuri, itandukaniro riri hagati ya fibre ya OM3 na OM4 riri mu buryo bwo gukora insinga ya fibre optique. Itandukaniro riri mu buryo bwo gukora bivuze ko insinga ya OM4 ifite ubushobozi bwo kugabanya umuvuduko kandi ishobora gukora ku rugero rwo hejuru kurusha OM3. Impamvu ni iyihe? Kugira ngo insinga ikore, urumuri ruturuka kuri transceiver ya VCSEL rufite imbaraga zihagije zo kugera kuri receiver ku rundi ruhande. Hari agaciro k’imikorere gashobora gukumira ibi - kugabanya umuvuduko w’urumuri no kugabanya umuvuduko w’urumuri.

Kugabanya ingufu z'urumuri ni ukugabanuka k'imbaraga z'urumuri uko rugenda rwoherezwa (dB). Kugabanya imbaraga guterwa no gutakaza urumuri binyuze mu bice bidafite ingufu, nk'insinga, uduce tw'insinga, n'ibihuza. Nkuko byavuzwe haruguru, ibihuza ni bimwe bityo itandukaniro ry'imikorere muri OM3 na OM4 riri mu gihombo (dB) mu nsinga. Fibre ya OM4 itera igihombo gito bitewe n'imiterere yayo. Kugabanya imbaraga ntarengwa byemerwa n'amahame biragaragara hano hepfo. Urabona ko gukoresha OM4 bizaguha igihombo gito kuri metero imwe y'insinga. Igihombo gito bivuze ko ushobora kugira ibihuza birebire cyangwa kugira ibihuza byinshi mu nsinga.

Kugabanya cyane byemewe kuri 850nm: OM3<3.5 dB/Km; OM4<3.0 dB/Km

Umucyo woherezwa mu buryo butandukanye kuri fibre. Bitewe n'ubusembwa buri muri fibre, ubu buryo bugera mu bihe bitandukanye gato. Uko iri tandukaniro ryiyongera amaherezo ugera aho amakuru ari koherezwa adashobora gusobanurwa. Iri tandukaniro riri hagati y'uburyo bwo hejuru n'ubwo hasi rizwi nka modal dispersion. Modal dispersion igena modal bandwidth fibre ishobora gukoraho kandi iri ni ryo tandukaniro riri hagati ya OM3 na OM4. Uko modal dispersion iba nto, ni ko modal bandwidth iba nyinshi kandi ni ko amakuru ashobora koherezwa aba menshi. Modal bandwidth ya OM3 na OM4 igaragara hano hepfo. Umurambararo munini uboneka muri OM4 bivuze modal dispersion nto bityo bigatuma imiyoboro y'insinga iba miremire cyangwa bigatuma habaho igihombo kinini binyuze mu miyoboro myinshi ihuza. Ibi bitanga amahitamo menshi iyo urebye imiterere y'umuyoboro.

Umuyoboro muto wa Fiber kuri 850nm: OM3 2000 MHz·km; OM4 4700 MHz·km

Ushobora kutumenyesha mbere y’igihe imiterere y’ibidukikije aho ibicuruzwa bizakoreshwa, uhitamo ibintu birambuye nk’ubushuhe, ubushyuhe, n’imiterere y’ubutaka. Dushobora gutanga imiterere ya 'composite' ya 'cable/fibre' n’ibiciro byabyo kugira ngo bihuze n’ibyo ukeneye. Hari kandi n’amahitamo y’ibicuruzwa byihariye.