na Sarah Wray, Umwanditsi Mukuru, Cities Today
https://www.itu.int/hub/2022/05/smart-home-iot-benefits-social-care-older-persons/
Izamuka ry’ibiciro by’ubuvuzi, gusaza kw’abaturage, n’ibura ry’abakozi bo mu rwego rw’ubuvuzi bitera imbogamizi zikomeye ku nzego z’ibanze zo mu Bwongereza.
Umubare munini w’abaturage barimo gushakisha uburyo ikoranabuhanga rigezweho rifasha abaturage batishoboye kubaho igihe kirekire mu ngo zabo, rikongera ubuzima bwabo, ariko nanone rigafasha mu kuringaniza ingengo y’imari.
Inama Njyanama zigomba kandi kwitegura ihinduka rya analogue na digitale mu 2025, bizasaba ko havugururwa uburyo bwinshi bwo kwita ku barwayi hakoreshejwe ikoranabuhanga.
Ikoranabuhanga ririmo gushyirwaho rigizwe n’ibikoresho bipima amashanyarazi, indangururamajwi n’amatara agezweho, ukuri kwa virtual, n’itumanaho rya videwo. Ibikorwa nk’ibi bifite ubushobozi bwo kugaragaza imbaraga nyazo z’amazu agezweho uretse ubuhanga bwo gukoresha ibikoresho by’ikoranabuhanga no koroshya ibintu cyane.
Ubunini n'inkunga bihora ari imbogamizi. Kugira ngo habeho iterambere kuva ku igeragezwa n'igeragezwa, inama nyinshi zitangiye guteza imbere ubufatanye bushya n'uburyo bushya bw'imari.
Igikoni kivuga inkuru
Inama Njyanama ya Sutton i Londres imaze igihe ikorana na Sutton Housing Group hamwe n’ikigo cy’ikoranabuhanga cya IoT Solutions Group kugira ngo ishyireho ibyuma bigera ku 150 bipima mu rugo bitanga ubumenyi bwihuse ku rwego rw’ibikorwa by’umuntu.
Ubufatanye bwari busanzwe bukomeje ku bijyanye n’ikoreshwa rya IoT rijyanye n’imyanda n’aho baparika imodoka. Uko icyifuzo cy’ubuvuzi rusange cyagendaga cyiyongera mu gihe cy’icyorezo no kuvugana imbonankubone byabaye ngombwa ko bigabanuka, IoT Solutions Group yihutishije iyi porogaramu nshya.
Akamashini gapima impinduka mu kirere - nko guteka isafuriya, gufungura urugi cyangwa guteka amafunguro, kandi gashobora no kumenya ibibazo nk'ibikomoka ku bukene bw'ibikomoka kuri peteroli cyangwa ubushuhe.
Ibikoresho bikoresha bateri, bihujwe binyuze mu muyoboro muto w’amashanyarazi (LPWAN), byagejejwe binyuze mu gasanduku k’ibaruwa, nta pulagi, insinga cyangwa imiterere byasabwaga kandi nta n'uburyo bwo guhuza interineti mu rugo.
"[Abaturage] bashobora kuyishyira mu gikoni bakayibagirwa," uyu ni Neal Forse, washinze akaba n'umuyobozi mukuru wa IoT Solutions Group.
“Impinduka zo mu kirere sensor ibona zihurizwa hamwe mu bicu, kandi niho dukoresha isesengura ryose, dukoresheje algorithms kugira ngo tumenye ibikorwa bya muntu bitandukanye n’ibindi byose.”
Ibi byubaka 'impanga y'ikoranabuhanga' ya buri muntu hashingiwe ku myitwarire ye isanzwe kandi bigatanga umuburo wihuse ku muntu umwitaho, umuntu wo mu muryango we cyangwa umukozi wigenga mu gihe hagaragaye impinduka mu miterere.
Ibi bitanga ubundi buryo bwo gusimbuza alamu zo mu bwoko bwa telecare, urugero, abaturage bagomba kwihatira, kandi nk'uko Bradley Coupar, Umuyobozi w'Umushinga wa Smart Place akaba n'Umukozi ushinzwe imibereho myiza y'abaturage, Sutton Council, abivuga, "akenshi bamara igihe bamanitse cyangwa bagashyira mu kabati".
Coupar avuga ko ubu buryo bwamaze gutanga ubufasha hakiri kare kandi bwarokoye nibura ubuzima bw'umuntu umwe ubwo umuturage yagwaga mu nzu ye.
Avuga ko iri gerageza rikomeje ryagaragaje kandi inyungu zo gukoresha imashini mu kureba amakuru no gukoresha imashini zigisha no gusesengura amakuru mbere y’igihe kugira ngo bibe ari byo bitanga umusaruro, aho kuba ibyo bitanga umusaruro. Rifite ubushobozi bwo kugabanya ikiguzi cy’inama njyanama ikoresha arenga 70% by’ingengo y’imari yayo mu kwita ku mibereho myiza y’abaturage.
Yagize ati: “Intego si ukuvanaho isano n’abantu [cyangwa kugabanya] inkunga zijyamo, ahubwo ni ukumenya neza ko ubona inkunga ikwiye mu gihe gikwiye binyuze mu buryo bukwiye.”
Serivisi ya sensor ya IoT Solutions Group igura hafi GBP 10 (13 USD) ku kwezi kuri buri gikoresho, hamwe n'igabanywa ry'ibiciro hashingiwe ku mubare w'ibikoresho bya sensor n'igihe amasezerano yamaze.
Coupar agira ati: “Ibikoresho [by’itumanaho] dufite ubu mu mitungo y’abantu — ikiguzi cyabyo kirarenze cyane.”
Ubu igikuru ni ugutuma ikoranabuhanga riboneka cyane binyuze mu buryo bw’ikoranabuhanga.
Ku cyiciro gikurikira cy'igerageza, igikoresho kizashyirwa mu mbuga nyinshi z'abatanga serivisi zo kwita ku barwayi hakoreshejwe ikoranabuhanga, ibi bizatuma kiboneka no mu nzego z'ibanze nyinshi.
Coupar agira ati: “Ikibazo uhura nacyo mu igerageza ni uko ikoranabuhanga ritarashyirwa mu bikorwa nk'umusaruro kandi ritahujwe n'ibindi bikorwa remezo by'ikoranabuhanga rijyanye n'ikoranabuhanga. Gushyira ibikoresho bishya mu bikoresho bisanzwe dufite ni ikintu nshishikajwe cyane nacyo.”
Teza imbere, ntugahimbe
Kimwe na Sutton, Inama Njyanama y'Umujyi wa Newcastle nayo yize binyuze mu igerageza ko gukorana n'abafatanyabikorwa ari ingenzi.
Inama njyanama ikorana n'ikigo cy'ubujyanama Urban Foresight nk'umufatanyabikorwa wayo mu guhanga udushya mu guhindura ikoranabuhanga. Ikoresheje uburyo buyobowe n'imbogamizi, serivisi yo kuvugurura imikorere mu kwita ku bantu bakuru yagaragaye nk'ahantu ibikoresho by'ikoranabuhanga bishobora kugira ingaruka zikomeye - cyane cyane ku kugwa. Serivisi y'igihe gito ifasha abantu gukira no kubaho mu ngo zabo mu buryo bwihariye nyuma yo kwakirwa mu bitaro cyangwa guhindura ibyo bakeneye.
Ubushakashatsi bwagaragaje ko 41 ku ijana by'abakoresha serivisi zo kuvura indwara ziterwa no kuvura indwara bahura n'ikibazo cyo kugwa mbere cyangwa mu gihe cyo kwita ku barwayi, kandi ibi ntibyari byandikwaga mu buryo buhuriweho. Impamvu zikunze kugaragara ni ukudarya no kunywa bihagije, gukora cyane cyangwa kugwa mu gihe cyo kugenda mu ngo, hamwe no gukenera kuringaniza no gukomera.
Itsinda ryakoze isuzuma ry'ikoranabuhanga kugira ngo barebe ibikoresho bishobora gufasha ndetse n'ubushakashatsi ku bakoresha ku kuntu abantu bumva ikoranabuhanga rya elegitoroniki.
Bahisemo indangururamajwi za Amazon Alexa zo kwibutsa abantu kurya no kunywa, amatara ya Philips Smart Hue yo gufasha abantu kugenda mu ngo zabo, na gahunda y’iterambere ry’umubiri itangwa hakoreshejwe ikoranabuhanga rya videwo.
Emma Clement, Umujyanama Mukuru muri Urban Foresight, yagize ati: “Twatunguwe cyane no kubona abantu benshi bafite interineti ya Wi-Fi n’ubumenyi mu by’ikoranabuhanga kandi bashishikajwe no gukoresha ikoranabuhanga rishya kugira ngo ribafashe kubaho mu mutekano mu ngo zabo.”
Gukoresha ikoranabuhanga byari bike - kuva mu mpeshyi ya 2021, abakoresha 12 bahawe ikoranabuhanga ritandukanye bitewe n'ibyo bakeneye, ariko Ben McLaughlan, Umuyobozi wa Serivisi zo kwita ku bantu bakuru mu by'imibereho myiza na serivisi zihujwe mu nama njyanama y'umujyi wa Newcastle, avuga ko nubwo iri terambere ryatanze amasomo y'ingenzi.
Igikoresho cya Alexa cyagize akamaro cyane mu kwibutsa abantu, amatara meza yari meza ariko yafatwaga nk "agoye cyane kuri porogaramu zageragejwe," kandi porogaramu yo guhamagara amashusho ntiyarenze ibimenyetso by'uko yari imeze bitewe n'imbogamizi zo guhuza.
Binyuze muri uyu mushinga, hashyizweho uburyo bwo gufata amajwi neza.
Isomo rikomeye ku nama njyanama kwari ugukoresha imbaraga zayo. Igerageza ryagaragaje ko itsinda rishinzwe kuvugurura imikorere ari ryo rikwiye gushyigikira abantu bakuru mu gukoresha ikoranabuhanga kugira ngo bagere ku ntego zabo, ariko ntibarishyireho. Mu cyiciro gikurikiraho, inama njyanama na Urban Foresight bazakorana n'umufatanyabikorwa usanzwe ufite uburambe mu gushyira mu bikorwa ikoranabuhanga ryo mu rugo no gucunga ibibazo nko kugenzura imigabane no gutanga amasoko.
Clement agira ati: “Ihame twafashe ni iri: kunoza, ntugahimbe.”
Isuzuma ry’agaciro k’amafaranga ryagaragaje ko gukoresha ikoranabuhanga rikoreshwa n’abaguzi ari ingirakamaro kandi ko iyo iryo gerageza ribuza kugwa rimwe gusa, ryari kwishyurwa inshuro zirenze ebyiri.
Icyiciro gikurikiraho kizanagerageza imikandara ikoresha itumanaho rigendanwa kugira ngo ishobore kwambarwa hanze y'urugo, kandi irimo uburyo bwo gukurikirana aho umuntu aherereye kugira ngo ifashe abarwayi ba dementia bashobora kuzimira. Ibikoresho bya Alexa bizakomeza kugeragezwa mu kigo cyita ku barwayi.
Clement yavuze ko andi masomo y'ingenzi yigishijwe ari akamaro ko gufata ingamba zishingiye ku ikoranabuhanga, zishingiye ku mbogamizi, ndetse no kugira umukozi wihariye wo kugenzura iyi gahunda.
Uyu murimo kandi uri gushyirwa mu bufatanye bwa Newcastle, ubufatanye hagati y’inama njyanama, imiryango y’ubuzima n’imibereho myiza y’abaturage, urwego rw’abakorerabushake na za kaminuza mu rwego rwo kunoza ubuzima n’imibereho myiza mu mujyi. Uyu mugambi ubu ufite umurongo ngenderwaho w’ikoranabuhanga, uzafasha kwemeza ko ibitekerezo bishya bisuzumwa mu buryo bwuzuye, nk’uko McLaughlan abivuga.
Inyungu ku ishoramari
Liverpool irimo kugerageza ikoranabuhanga mu by’ubuzima hakoreshejwe umuyoboro wayo wa 5G. Ibi bishyigikira porogaramu z’ingenzi kandi bitanga ubushobozi bwo kuvugana, nk’uko Ann Williams, Umuyobozi ushinzwe Komiseri n’Amasezerano mu by’Imibereho Myiza y’Abakuze muri Liverpool City Council, avuga ko ari ingenzi.
Yagize ati: “Hari ibikoresho byinshi byo mu bwoko bwa sensor bishobora gukoresha IoT kandi ni byiza cyane.” “Birahendutse ugereranije n’ibikoresho bisanzwe byo mu bwoko bwa telecare, bityo ibyo ni akarusho. Ariko twemera ko bidashobora gusimbura sisitemu yo mu bwoko bwa telecare mu buryo bumwe kuko udashobora kugira icyo uvugana n’ijwi.”
Icyiciro cya mbere cy'imirimo cyatangiye muri Mata 2018 nk'igice cya gahunda y'Ishami rishinzwe Umuco, Itangazamakuru na Siporo ya 5G Testbeds and Trials, kandi cyamaze amezi 20.
Uyu mushinga, washyizwe mu bikorwa nk'igerageza rya mbere ry'ubuzima rishyigikiwe na 5G mu Burayi, wahawe miliyoni 4.9 z'amapawundi (miliyoni 6.4 z'amadolari y'Amerika) kugira ngo ugerageze uburyo ikoranabuhanga rya 5G rishobora gutanga inyungu zifatika ku buzima n'imibereho myiza mu gace gatuwe n'abantu badafite ikoranabuhanga.
Yatanzwe n'ishyirahamwe ry'ibigo bitandukanye kandi ikoranabuhanga 11 ryageragejwe hamwe n'abakorerabushake, harimo porogaramu zo kugabanya irungu, serivisi z'ubuvuzi, uburyo bwo kugabanya ububabare mu buryo bwa interineti, ibikoresho byo gusuzuma ibidukikije, igikoresho kirwanya kubura amazi mu mubiri, na videwo yo muri farumasi ituma abantu bashobora gufata imiti mu mutekano mu ngo zabo.
Isuzuma ryagaragaje ko gukoresha serivisi bishobora kunoza ubuzima n'ireme ry'ubuzima bw'abazikoresha ndetse no kongera ubushobozi bwa serivisi z'ubuzima n'imibereho myiza y'abaturage.
Isesengura ryabaruye uburyo serivisi z’ubuzima n’imibereho myiza y’abaturage zigabanukaho amafaranga asaga 200.000 GBP kuri buri mukoresha 100 ku mwaka, bitewe n’ikoranabuhanga ryakoreshejwe.
Icyiciro cya kabiri cy'umushinga cyahawe andi mafaranga angana na miliyoni 4.3 z'amapawundi yo guteza imbere umuyoboro wigenga wa 5G mu rwego rw'ubuzima n'imibereho myiza mu turere twatoranyijwe twa Liverpool.
Ikoranabuhanga rikubiyemo igikoresho cyo mu rwego rw'ubuvuzi cyo gucunga no gukurikirana indwara ziri kure, porogaramu yigisha uburyo bwo kugabanya imihangayiko, serivisi yo gupima indwara za muganga uri kure, ubuvuzi n'imicungire y'ibikomere hamwe n'ikoranabuhanga ryo kuvura indwara.
Uyu mushinga uherutse kongerwa kugeza muri Nzeri 2022, ukaba ugamije guteza imbere 'igishushanyo mbonera' cy'ikoreshwa ry'imiyoboro ya 5G yigenga mu gutanga serivisi rusange.
Uyu mushinga uzasozwa n'isesengura rirambuye ry'ubucuruzi bw'abikorera ku giti cyabo ba 5G.
Williams yavuze ko ibi bizaba bishingiye ku byiza by’ubuzima bwiza ndetse n’iby’amafaranga agoye, kandi bishobora kuba birimo ibintu nk’ikiguzi cyo kwirinda abantu babaho igihe kirekire bigenga, kugabanuka kw’abagwa no kuruhuka amasaha y’abarera abana babohotse.
Avuga ko gusuzuma inyungu zabonetse bivuze ko umuntu asobanukiwe neza intego.
“Twahoraga dufite igitekerezo cy’uko nta ikoranabuhanga ryakozwe ku bw’ikoranabuhanga. Hari ubwoko bwose bw’ikoranabuhanga ritangaje, ariko ikibazo ni iki: ese rikemura ikibazo cy’igihe kirekire?”
Ingaruka z'urusobe rw'itumanaho
Nubwo ikibazo cy'ubucuruzi atari ikibazo cy'amafaranga gusa, imijyi igomba gusuzuma uburyo gahunda zishobora guterwa inkunga mu gihe kirekire.
Uburyo bugenda bukura bwo gusesengura ubucuruzi ni uburyo buhuriweho n'abantu bose.
Williams agira ati: “Dufite ibitekerezo byagutse by’abaturage kuruta ubuzima n’imibereho myiza gusa. Hari n’ibindi bintu byinshi dushobora gukoresha uyu muyoboro.”
Mu kugaragaza uko ibintu bimeze, gahunda ya Liverpool irimo guhuzwa n'ibikorwa byo kugabanya amacakubiri mu ikoranabuhanga kugira ngo abantu benshi babone amahirwe yo kwiga, akazi no gusabana kuri interineti.
Byongeye kandi, kubera ko umuyoboro wa Liverpool ari uw’abikorera ku giti cyabo, umujyi ushobora gutanga "uduce" ku bakoresha imiyoboro ya telefoni zigendanwa kugira ngo bazibe icyuho cyo gukwirakwiza amakuru.
Williams agira ati: “Ibyo bihindura umubano usanzwe n’ibigo bya telefoni zigendanwa. Imwe muri ibyo bigo bikomeye yarambwiye iti: ‘Ann, nta ishami dufite aho inama njyanama zitugurisha: turakugurisha.’”
Williams yiteze ko ubu buryo "buhungabanya" burushaho gukundwa n'abayobozi b'inzego z'ibanze.
Kwemera
Amazu y'abantu ni yo hantu heza cyane ho gukorera ibikorwa byabo, bityo hari ibibazo ku bijyanye no kumenya niba kugenzura ikoranabuhanga bishobora kubabangamira.
Coupar avuga ko abaturage bake cyane bahawe serivisi i Sutton banze kuyitanga. Nta mashusho cyangwa amajwi bibaho, kandi nta makuru bwite akusanywa.
“Mu by’ukuri byari byoroshye gusaba kuko nta mpamvu yo gushyiraho ibintu bigoye. Mu gihe abantu bari bafite impungenge cyane ku buzima bwabo, ndatekereza ko byari byitezwe ko abayobozi b’inzego z’ibanze batekereza uburyo bwo kurinda abantu umutekano.”
Newcastle yasanze abaturage bamwe bagira amakenga iyo babwirwaga kuri telefoni, bityo bikaba ngombwa kujyana ibikoresho bakabyerekana.
Urban Foresight yatanze ubuyobozi ku micungire y'amakuru n'amakuru yatanzwe ku bantu yerekeye kuba mu igerageza.
McLaughlan agira ati: “Nta gushidikanya ko hari ibishushanyo mbonera byinshi dushobora kongera gukoresha mu gihe kizaza.”
Williams yavuze ko umubare muto w’abitabiriye Liverpool basubije ibikoresho bipima amakuru bavuga ko batishimiye kumva ko bahora bakurikiranwa. Ibi bikoresho "si ibya buri wese," avuga ariko yizera ko ibi bizagenda bihinduka buhoro buhoro uko igihe kigenda gihita uko abantu bagenda bamenyera ibikoresho nk'amasaha y'ikoranabuhanga n'irindi koranabuhanga.
Agira ati: “Ntidushobora gutanga ibitekerezo birambuye. Hari abantu benshi bakuze kubera icyorezo babaye inzobere muri Facebook Portal cyangwa Google Hub.”
“Bakoresha ikoranabuhanga batabyise ikoranabuhanga – bazi ko bashobora kuvugana n’abuzukuru babo baramutse bakoze ibi, ibi n’ibi. Kandi ni ko tubona abantu bemera ibintu.”
Iyi nkuru yasohotse bwa mbere kuri Cities Today.
Inguzanyo yishusho: umusaruro wa SHVETS ukoresheje Pexels
Igihe cyo kohereza: Gicurasi-06-2022