na Sarah Wray, Ubwanditsi, Imijyi Uyu munsi
https://www.itu.int/hub/2022/05.
Kuzamuka kw'amafaranga yo kwita ku mibereho, abaturage bageze mu za bukuru, no kubura abakozi bashinzwe kwita ku bibazo bitera ibibazo bikomeye abayobozi bo mu Bwongereza.
Umubare ugenda wiyongera urimo gushakisha uburyo ubwoko bugezweho bwa tekinoroji ifasha bushobora gufasha abaturage batishoboye kubaho mu bwigenge igihe kirekire mu ngo zabo, bakazamura imibereho yabo mu gihe kimwe bagafasha guhuza ingengo y’imari.
Nama Njyanama igomba kandi gutegura analogue kuri digitifike ya digitale muri 2025, bizakenera ibisubizo byinshi byitumanaho kugirango bizamurwe.
Ikoranabuhanga ritangizwa ririmo sensor, abavuga ubwenge n'amatara, ukuri kugaragara, hamwe n'itumanaho rya videwo. Ibikorwa nkibi bifite ubushobozi bwo kwerekana imbaraga zukuri zamazu yubwenge arenze gadget gimmickry na ultra-yoroshye.
Ingano ninkunga burigihe nibibazo. Kugirango utere imbere mubaderevu nibigeragezo, inama nyinshi zitangiye guteza imbere ubufatanye bushya nuburyo bwimari.
Igikoni kivuga inkuru
Inama ya Sutton i Londres yakoranye na Sutton Housing Group hamwe n’isosiyete y’ikoranabuhanga IoT Solutions Group yohereza ibyuma bigera ku 150 mu rugo bitanga ubumenyi nyabwo ku rwego rw’umuntu ku giti cye.
Ubufatanye bwari bumaze gukorwa hafi ya IoT ikoresha imanza zijyanye n'imyanda na parikingi. Mu gihe icyifuzo cyo kwita ku mibereho cyiyongereye mu gihe cy’icyorezo kandi umuntu ku giti cye yagombaga kugabanuka, IoT Solutions Group yakurikiranye vuba ibicuruzwa bishya.
Rukuruzi ikurikirana impinduka zijyanye nikirere - nko guteka isafuriya, gufungura umuryango cyangwa gukora ifunguro, kandi irashobora no kumenya ibibazo nk’ubukene bwa peteroli cyangwa ububobere.
Ibyuma bikoresha ingufu za bateri, byahujwe binyuze mumashanyarazi make, umuyoboro mugari (LPWAN), byatanzwe binyuze mumasanduku, ntamacomeka, insinga cyangwa iboneza bisabwa kandi ntagikeneye umurongo wa interineti murugo.
Neal Forse, washinze & CTO mu itsinda rya IoT Solutions, agira ati: “[Abaturage] barashobora kubishyira mu gikoni bakabyibagirwa.
Ati: “Impinduka zo mu kirere sensor ibona zegeranijwe ku gicu, kandi niho dukorera isesengura ryose, dukoresheje algorithm kugira ngo tumenye ibikorwa by'abantu bitandukanye n'ibindi.”
Ibi byubaka 'impanga ya digitale' ya buri muntu ukurikije imyitwarire yabo isanzwe kandi igahita imenyesha umurezi, umuryango cyangwa umukozi wigenga wigenga niba hagaragaye impinduka muburyo.
Ibi bitanga ubundi buryo bwo gutabaza kuri terefone, urugero, abaturage bagomba gusunika kandi, nkuko Bradley Coupar, Umuyobozi w’umushinga wa Smart Place hamwe n’umukozi ushinzwe imibereho myiza y’abaturage, Sutton Council, abivuga, "akenshi birangira bimanikwa cyangwa bigashyirwa mu kabati".
Coupar ivuga ko sisitemu yamaze kuvamo hakiri kare kandi ikiza byibuze ubuzima bumwe mugihe umuturage yaguye murugo rwabo.
Avuga ko umuderevu ukomeje kwerekana kandi ibyiza byo kubona amakuru no gukoresha imashini yiga imashini hamwe n'isesengura risesuye kugira ngo bibe ibikorwa, aho kugira icyo bikora. Ifite ubushobozi bwo kugabanya ibiciro byinama njyanama ikoresha amafaranga arenga 70 ku ijana yingengo yimari yayo mu kwita ku mibereho.
Agira ati: “Ikigamijwe si ugukuraho umubano n'abantu [cyangwa kugabanya] inkunga ijyamo, ahubwo ni ukureba niba ubona inkunga ikwiye mu gihe gikwiye binyuze mu nzira nziza.”
Serivisi ya sensor ya IoT Solutions igura hafi 10 GBP (13 USD) buri kwezi kubikoresho, hamwe no kugabanyirizwa ibicuruzwa ukurikije umubare wa sensor n'uburebure bw'amasezerano.
Coupar agira ati: “Ibikoresho bya [telecare] dufite ubu mu mitungo y'abantu - igiciro kirenze kure ibyo.”
Noneho urufunguzo ni ugutuma tekinoroji iboneka cyane binyuze muburyo bwa sisitemu.
Kubyiciro bizakurikiraho byikigereranyo, igikoresho kizinjizwa mumahuriro menshi yabatanga itumanaho, nacyo kikazagera kubayobozi benshi baho ahandi.
Coupar agira ati: "Ikibazo uhura na pilote ni uko ikoranabuhanga ritashyizwe mu bicuruzwa kandi ngo rihuze n'ibindi bikorwa remezo by'itumanaho." Ati: "Kwinjiza ibikoresho bishya muri moderi zisanzwe dufite dufite ni ikintu nsunika cyane."
Itezimbere, ntugahimbye
Kimwe na Sutton, Njyanama y'Umujyi wa Newcastle nayo yize binyuze mu gutwara indege ko gukorana n'abafatanyabikorwa ari ngombwa.
Njyanama ikorana nubujyanama Urban Foresight nkumufatanyabikorwa woguhindura udushya. Dufashe inzira iyobowe ningorabahizi, serivisi yo gusubiza mubuzima bwabantu bakuze yagaragaye nkigice ibikoresho bya digitale bishobora kugira ingaruka zikomeye - cyane cyane bijyanye no kugwa. Serivise yigihe gito ifasha abantu gukira no kubaho mwigenga murugo nyuma yibitaro cyangwa guhinduka mubikenewe.
Igikorwa cyo kuvumbura cyerekanye ko 41 ku ijana byabakoresha serivisi zisubiramo bahura nigabanuka mbere cyangwa mugihe cyo kubitaho, kandi ntabwo byanditswe hagati. Impamvu zisanzwe ntizari kurya no kunywa bihagije, kurenza urugero cyangwa kugwa mugihe uzenguruka urugo, kandi hakenewe uburinganire n'imbaraga nziza.
Iri tsinda ryakoze scan yikoranabuhanga kugirango irebe ibikoresho bishobora gufasha kimwe nubushakashatsi bwabakoresha kuburyo abantu bumva bafite ikoranabuhanga.
Bahisemo Amazon Alexa abavuga rikoresha ubwenge kugirango bibutse abantu kurya no kunywa, Philips Smart Hue amatara yo gufasha abantu kuyobora urugo, na gahunda yiterambere ryumubiri ryatanzwe kuri telefone.
Umujyanama mukuru muri Urban Foresight, Emma Clement agira ati: "Twatunguwe cyane n'ukuntu abantu benshi bafite umurongo wa Wi-Fi n'ubuhanga bwa digitale kandi bashishikajwe no gukoresha ikoranabuhanga rishya kugira ngo ribafashe kubaho neza mu rugo."
Kohereza byari bito - guhera mu mpeshyi 2021, abakoresha 12 bahawe imikoreshereze y’ikoranabuhanga bitewe n’ibyo bakeneye, ariko Ben McLaughlan, Umuyobozi wa Serivisi, Serivisi ishinzwe kwita ku mibereho y’abakuze na serivisi zihuriweho na Njyanama y’Umujyi wa Newcastle, avuga ko no kuri iki gipimo iki gikorwa cyatanze amasomo y'ingenzi.
Igikoresho cya Alexa cyagenze neza cyane kubibutsa, itara ryubwenge ryagize akamaro ariko rifatwa nk "bigoye cyane kubisabwa na pilote," kandi porogaramu yo guhamagara kuri videwo ntabwo yateye imbere birenze ibimenyetso byerekana igitekerezo kubera ibibazo byo guhuza.
Binyuze mu mushinga hashyizweho kandi uburyo bwo gufata amajwi neza.
Isomo rikomeye ryinama njyanama kwari ugukina imbaraga. Ikigeragezo cyerekanye ko itsinda ryisubiramo ryashyizwe neza kugirango rishyigikire abantu bakuru gukoresha ikoranabuhanga kugirango bagere ku ntego zabo, ariko ntirishyireho. Icyiciro gikurikiraho, akanama hamwe na Urban Foresight bazakorana numufatanyabikorwa usanzwe witumanaho ufite uburambe mugutangiza ikoranabuhanga murugo no gucunga ibibazo nko kugenzura imigabane no gutanga amasoko.
Clement agira ati: “Ihame twafashe mu bwato ni: kunoza, ntugahimbire.”
Agaciro ko gusuzuma amafaranga yanzuye ko gukoresha ikoranabuhanga ry’umuguzi bitwara amafaranga menshi kandi ko iyo umudereva abuza kugwa rimwe gusa, yari kwiyishyura inshuro zirenze ebyiri.
Icyiciro gikurikiraho kandi kizagerageza pendants zikoresha itumanaho rya terefone kugirango zishobore kwambarwa hanze yurugo, kandi zirimo aho zikurikirana kugirango zifashe abarwaye indwara yo guta umutwe bashobora kuzimira. Ibikoresho bya Alexa bizakomeza gukurikiranwa muburyo bwo guturamo.
Clement yavuze ko andi masomo y'ingenzi yize ari akamaro ko gufata ingamba zishingiye ku mbogamizi, ikoranabuhanga-agnostic, ndetse no kugira umukozi witangiye kugenzura gahunda.
Uyu murimo kandi urimo kwinjizwa muri Collaborative Newcastle, ubufatanye hagati yinama njyanama, imiryango yita ku buzima n’imibereho myiza y’abaturage, urwego rw’ubushake na kaminuza bigamije guteza imbere ubuzima n’imibereho myiza mu mujyi. McLaughlan avuga ko ubu iyi gahunda ifite ibikorwa bya digitale, bizafasha kwemeza ko ibitekerezo bishya bigenzurwa mu buryo bwuzuye.
Garuka ku ishoramari
Ikipe ya Liverpool iri kugerageza ikoranabuhanga ryubuzima bwa digitale kurubuga rwarwo 5G. Ibi bishyigikira porogaramu zikomeye kandi bitanga ubushobozi bwo kuvuga amajwi, ibyo Ann Williams, ushinzwe komisiyo n’amasezerano ya serivisi ishinzwe imibereho myiza y’abakuze mu Nama Njyanama y’Umujyi wa Liverpool, avuga ko ari ngombwa.
Agira ati: "Hariho sensor nyinshi zishobora gukoresha IoT kandi ni nziza cyane". Ati: "Zihendutse kuruta ibikoresho gakondo byitumanaho, ibyo rero ni inyongera. Ariko tuzi ko bidashobora gusimbuza sisitemu y'itumanaho kimwe kuko udashobora kugira icyo kiganiro cyijwi."
Icyiciro cya mbere cyimirimo cyatangiye muri Mata 2018 murwego rwa Minisiteri ishinzwe umuco, itangazamakuru na siporo gahunda ya 5G yo kugerageza no kugerageza ikamara amezi 20.
Uyu mushinga wemejwe nk’ikigereranyo cya mbere cy’ubuzima gishyigikirwa n’ubuzima bwa mbere mu Burayi, wakiriye miliyoni 4.9 GBP (miliyoni 6.4 USD) kugira ngo ugerageze uburyo ikoranabuhanga rya 5G rishobora gutanga ubuzima bufatika ndetse n’ubuvuzi bw’imibereho mu baturanyi babuze imibare.
Yatanzwe na consortium ihuriweho n’umurenge kandi ikoranabuhanga 11 ryatsindishijwe n’abakorerabushake, harimo porogaramu zigabanya irungu, serivisi za telehealth, kurangaza ububabare bw’ukuri, ibyuma byangiza ibidukikije, ibikoresho birwanya umwuma, hamwe na videwo ya farumasi ituma abantu bafata imiti neza mu rugo.
Isuzuma ryanzuye ko gukoresha bishobora kuzamura umusaruro w’ubuzima n’ubuzima bwiza ku bakoresha serivisi kandi bikongera ubushobozi bwa serivisi zita ku buzima n’imibereho myiza.
Isesengura ryabaze ikigereranyo gishobora kuzigama serivisi zita ku buzima n’imibereho myiza y’abaturage barenga 200.000 GBP ku bakoresha 100 ku mwaka, bitewe n’ikoranabuhanga rikoreshwa.
Icyiciro cya kabiri cyumushinga cyakiriye miliyoni 4.3 GBP yo guteza imbere umuyoboro wigenga wa 5G wa serivisi zita ku buzima n’imibereho myiza mu bice byatoranijwe bya Liverpool.
Ikoranabuhanga ririmo igikoresho cyo mu rwego rwo kwa muganga cyo gucunga no gukurikirana ubuzima bw’ubuzima bwa kure, porogaramu yigisha uburyo bwo kugabanya amaganya, serivisi ya kure ya GP, kuvura ibikomere no gucunga hamwe n’ikoranabuhanga rya sensor.
Uyu mushinga uherutse kongerwa kugeza muri Nzeri 2022 kandi ugamije gushyiraho 'igishushanyo mbonera' cyo gukoresha imiyoboro yigenga ya 5G mu gutanga serivisi rusange.
Umushinga uzasozwa nisesengura rirambuye ryurubanza rwubucuruzi rwigenga 5G.
Williams yavuze ko ibi bizaba ari inyungu z’ubuzima bwiza ndetse n’amafaranga akomeye kandi ko hashobora kubamo ibintu nk’ibiciro birindwa binyuze mu bantu babana mu bwigenge igihe kirekire, kugabanuka kugwa n’amasaha y’abakozi.
Avuga ko gusuzuma inyungu zabonetse bisobanura gusobanuka neza intego.
Ati: "Twamye dufite mantra nyayo idafite tekinoloji ku bw'ikoranabuhanga. Hano hari ikoranabuhanga rya whiz bang hanze, ariko ikibazo ni iki: ni ugukemura ikibazo nyacyo cy'igihe kirekire?"
Ingaruka y'urusobe
Mugihe ikibazo cyubucuruzi atari ikibazo cyamafaranga gusa, imijyi igomba gusuzuma uburyo gahunda zishobora guterwa inkunga mugihe kirekire.
Inzira ikura yo gukora urubanza rwubucuruzi nuburyo bwuzuye.
Williams agira ati: “Dufite ibitekerezo rusange by'abaturage kuruta ubuzima no kwita ku mibereho. “Hariho ibintu byinshi dushobora gukoresha iyi [rezo].”
Mu kwerekana icyerekezo, gahunda ya Liverpool ihujwe nimbaraga zo kugabanya itandukaniro rya digitale kugirango abantu benshi bashobore kubona amahirwe kumurongo wuburezi, akazi ndetse n’imibereho.
Byongeye kandi, kubera ko umuyoboro wa Liverpool wigenga, umujyi urashobora gutanga 'slices' kubakoresha imiyoboro igendanwa kugirango buzuze icyuho.
Williams agira ati: "Ibyo bihindura umubano usanzwe n’amasosiyete ya terefone igendanwa." Ati: “Imwe mu masosiyete akomeye yarambwiye ati: 'Ann, nta shami dufite aho inama zitugurisha: turakugurisha.'”
Williams yiteze ko ubu buryo "bubangamira" buzamenyekana mubayobozi b'inzego z'ibanze.
Kwakira
Amazu yabantu ni ahantu hihariye cyane rero haribibazo byo kumenya niba igenzura rya digitale rishobora kumva ko ryinjira.
Coupar ivuga ko abaturage bake cyane bahawe serivisi muri Sutton barabyanze. Nta gufata amashusho cyangwa amajwi bibaho, kandi nta makuru yihariye yakusanyijwe.
Ati: "Mu by'ukuri byari ikibazo cyoroshye cyane kubera ko bitari bikenewe ko hashyirwaho ibintu bigoye. Mu gihe abantu bahangayikishijwe cyane n'ubuzima bwabo, ndatekereza ko byakiriwe neza ko abayobozi b'inzego z'ibanze batekereza uburyo bwo kurinda abantu umutekano."
Newcastle yasanze abaturage bamwe bafite amakenga mugihe babonanye na terefone kandi byagaragaye ko ari ngombwa kubajyana ibikoresho no kubigaragaza.
Urban Foresight yatanze ubuyobozi ku micungire yamakuru ndetse namakuru yahawe abantu kubijyanye no kuba murubanza.
McLaughlan agira ati: "Mu byukuri hariho inyandikorugero nyinshi dushobora gukoresha mu gihe kiri imbere."
Williams yavuze ko umubare muto w'abitabiriye Liverpool bagaruye ibikoresho bya sensor bavuga ko badakunda ibyiyumvo bakurikiranwa igihe cyose. Avuga ko ibikoresho “atari ibya bose,” ariko yizera ko ibi nabyo bizahinduka buhoro buhoro uko abantu bagenda bamenyera ibikoresho nk'amasaha meza ndetse n'ikoranabuhanga.
Agira ati: “Ntidushobora no kuvuga amagambo akomeye. “Hariho abantu benshi [bakuze] kubera icyorezo cyahindutse abahanga mu rubuga rwa Facebook cyangwa Google Hub.”
Ati: "Bakoresha ikoranabuhanga batabyita ikoranabuhanga - bazi ko bashobora kuvugana n'abuzukuru babo baramutse bakoze ibi, ibi n'ibi. Kandi ubwo ni bwo buryo tubona abantu bemera ibintu."
Iyi ngingo yagaragaye bwa mbere mumijyi uyumunsi.
Inguzanyo yishusho: umusaruro wa SHVETS ukoresheje Pexels
Igihe cyo kohereza: Gicurasi-06-2022